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How to Inspect Galvanized Steel

Written so a buyer's own inspector can follow it without our help. If you can check the work properly, we would rather you did.

Most galvanizing inspection goes wrong in one of two ways. Either nobody measures anything and a certificate is accepted on trust, or somebody rejects a consignment for an appearance issue that no standard actually treats as a defect.

This page is the middle path: what to measure, where, how many times, and what genuinely constitutes a reason to reject. It is deliberately written so you can run it without us.

Step 1 — Coating thickness

  • Use a calibrated magnetic dry film thickness gauge. Calibrate on the reference standards before starting, and re-check periodically. An uncalibrated gauge is worse than no gauge.
  • Take readings across a reference area, not at one spot. Standards are written as minimum averages over a defined area; a single reading proves very little either way.
  • Include the difficult places. Corners, edges, weld toes and the inside of angles behave differently from a flat face. An average taken entirely on flat faces is a flattering average.
  • Know which figure you are checking against. IS 4759 states a coating mass — 610 g/m² above 5 mm, about 85 microns. EN ISO 1461 states a local minimum and a mean, and the local one is what catches thin corners. ASTM A123 states a minimum average by material category. Our coating calculator will convert and check a figure against all three.
  • Record the readings, not just the conclusion. A report that says “passed” without numbers is not evidence.

Step 2 — Visual examination

What the standard actually requires — and what it does not.

Genuine defectNot a defect
Uncoated areas — bare steel visibleDull grey or matte finish from reactive steel chemistry
Blisters in the coatingColour variation between members or between heats
Flux deposits left on the surfaceMinor surface roughness
Gross dross inclusionsAsh or zinc spots that are firmly adherent
Lumps, runs or spikes that stop the piece assemblingDarkening or weathering with age
Coating that fails an adhesion checkWhite bloom that brushes off and leaves adequate coating

ASTM A123 requires a coating that is continuous, smooth and uniform, free from uncoated areas, blisters, flux deposits and gross dross inclusions, and adherent for the service life. Appearance is not a rejection criterion in itself. A grey coating is usually thicker than a bright one, not worse — see why coating peels for the metallurgy.

Step 3 — Adhesion

The standard check is a stout knife test: apply a stout knife to the coating at an angle, under firm pressure, and try to lift it. A properly formed coating will not peel or flake ahead of the blade. Paring away a sliver is not a failure — lifting the coating off in a layer is.

Do this on a limited area, not across the piece. It is destructive by nature and the tested spot may need repair to ASTM A780 afterwards.

Step 4 — The paperwork

  • Coating readings, with locations. How many, taken where.
  • Whether uniformity was tested. If the specification cites IS 4759 or IS 2486, the IS 2633 copper sulphate dip test is part of the requirement, not an optional extra.
  • Coating mass by IS 6745, where the buyer has asked for mass rather than thickness.
  • Mill test certificates for the steel, which are a separate document from the galvanizing report and should travel with the same consignment.
  • Who witnessed it, where third-party inspection was specified.

Inspecting our work

Every batch leaves with a galvanizing inspection report carrying the coating thickness readings. Third-party inspection by SGS, Bureau Veritas, TÜV, DNV, Intertek or your own nominated agency is supported at your cost, and because fabrication and galvanizing are both on our floor at Howrah, that is one visit rather than two.

Where a state utility specification requires NABL-accredited type-test reports dated within a stated period, that is arranged against the order.

Questions engineers ask

Answered from our own line, not from the standard's cover page.

How do you measure galvanized coating thickness?

With a calibrated magnetic dry film thickness gauge, taking multiple readings across a reference area rather than at a single spot, and including corners, edges and weld toes rather than only flat faces.

Is a dull grey galvanized finish a defect?

No. It is normally the result of steel chemistry — silicon in the reactive range grows the alloy layers to the surface, leaving no bright free zinc. The coating is usually thicker than a bright one, not thinner. Appearance is not a rejection criterion in itself.

What is the knife test for galvanizing?

An adhesion check. A stout knife applied at an angle under firm pressure should not lift the coating off in a layer. Paring a sliver away is normal; delamination ahead of the blade is a failure.

How many coating readings should be taken?

Enough to establish an average over a reference area rather than to prove a point — and they should include the difficult geometry. Standards are written as minimum averages, so a report should state how many readings were taken and where.

Can our inspector visit your works?

Yes, and we would rather they did. Inspection by SGS, Bureau Veritas, TÜV, DNV, Intertek or your own agency is supported at your cost, and fabrication and coating are witnessed in the same place.

Related standards and pages

Send us the specification

Tell us the standard, the coating requirement and the component, and we will confirm in writing what we can hold and how we will certify it. Galvanizing is on our own floor, so the answer comes from us and not from a sub-contractor.

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